HOW TO PURIFY WATER IN THE WILD: METHODS AND PRACTICAL ADVICE

Water management is a priority when bivouacking. Indeed, water is essential to the proper functioning of our bodies, and when we find ourselves facing extreme conditions, knowing how to find it, purify it, and conserve it can make all the difference. We invite you to discover the different solutions for managing water in the wilderness or in an emergency. Whether you're a hiker facing an unforeseen event or simply a camper looking to be prepared for all situations, these tips will help you maintain hydration and preserve your health.

Why purifying water in nature is essential

Risks associated with untreated water

When you're out in the wilderness, drinking unpurified water can be dangerous to your health. Even if it appears clear, river and lake water can contain bacteria or viruses that can cause gastrointestinal problems. These contaminants can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, making the situation even more complicated in the wilderness. Water can also contain harmful chemical pollutants. To avoid these risks, it's essential to always purify water before drinking it.

The main sources of contamination

Human activities can impact the quality of rivers, lakes, and seas. Water contamination can be due to direct discharges, such as those from factories or wastewater treatment plants. This pollution is also caused by multiple sources such as fertilizers, agricultural pesticides, and industrial pollutants, which, upon entering the air, then fall back onto the ground and into the water.

Furthermore, natural water sources, such as ponds and puddles, are highly vulnerable to contamination by animal waste, chemicals and industrial waste, facilitating the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, particularly in areas of stagnant water.

Different methods for purifying water in the great outdoors

Boiling water: the easiest method

Boiling water is one of the simplest and most effective methods for purifying water while traveling. Simply boiling for 1 to 3 minutes is enough to eliminate most bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, this method does not remove chemical contaminants, such as chemicals, which may also be present in the water.

Use portable water filters

Portable water filters, like purifying water bottles, are very practical accessories for purifying water during hikes, for example. They eliminate impurities, bacteria, viruses, and depending on their design, certain chemicals and heavy metals. Some models are equipped with carbon or ceramic filters for even more efficient filtration. However, these filters can clog quickly and must be cleaned or replaced regularly to ensure their proper functioning. If you want more information on connected objects, including water filters, see Innovative bivouac accessories on 2025 .

Purification tablets and chemicals

Water purification tablets are an effective solution for treating water in natural environments. They eliminate many bacteria and microorganisms using various chemical agents:

• Chlorine : kills bacteria and viruses, but may leave a slight taste.

• Chlorine dioxide : more effective against certain parasites, without changing the taste of the water.

• Iodine : effective, but with a strong taste, not recommended for long-term use or for certain people (pregnant women, etc.).

These tablets take about 30 minutes to purify water. Their main drawback is the possible alteration of taste, depending on the product used.

UV and technological tools: modern purification

UV purifiers, like UV pens, use UV-C rays to disinfect water in minutes, eliminating bacteria, viruses, and parasites. This method is fast, easy to use, and leaves no taste. Lightweight and convenient, these devices are a good solution for purifying water in the great outdoors during your bivouac. However, they do not filter out physical impurities or chemicals, sometimes requiring additional filtration.

How to choose the right method for your situation

Analyze the quality of available water

Before any purification, it is essential to examine the water found. Cloudy water may contain impurities that impair the effectiveness of treatments. Pre-filtering is therefore necessary to optimize disinfection.

The origin of the water is also an important criterion, as mentioned earlier in the article. Adapting your purification method according to these elements ensures safe, drinkable water.

Consider the duration and location of your expedition

The choice of purification system depends on the duration and conditions of your trip.

• Short trips : For a weekend bivouac, chemical tablets (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, or iodine) are a lightweight and easy-to-carry option. They quickly disinfect water.

• Long expeditions : For extended stays in the wilderness, more durable equipment is recommended. A water purifier or portable filter is an effective and reusable solution that will allow you to treat larger quantities of water.

• Water storage while camping: For extended stays, it is important to store sufficient drinking water. The Dometic Water Tank with the Dometic Touch Tap is a solution that allows you to store 11 liters of clean water, thus limiting the need for continuous purification.

Tips for collecting water from a river or lake

Identify the safest water sources

Before purifying water, it's essential to choose the best possible source. Choose running water like rivers and streams, which are less likely to be contaminated than stagnant water (ponds, puddles, lakes).

To find a water source, look at a map. If you don't have one, observe the terrain: hollows and lower slopes encourage water accumulation through runoff. Heavy vegetation is also an indicator, because wherever plants grow, there's likely a water source nearby. Finally, following animal tracks can lead to a spring, although this method requires experience.

Mistakes to Avoid When Purifying Water

Forgetting to purify water used for cooking

It's essential to purify not only the water we consume directly, but also the water we use to wash or cook food. Even if this water isn't drunk, it can come into contact with utensils or food that will later be consumed, creating a risk of contamination. For example, bacteria or viruses present in unpurified water can be transmitted through the vegetables, meats, or other ingredients you prepare, causing food poisoning.

Additionally, during cooking, microorganisms can survive if the water isn't sufficiently purified, and end up in your dishes. Even if the water used to cook food doesn't come into direct contact with it, steam and condensation can also carry bacteria. To make your meal even better, use the iKamper Disco Series Camping Stove , which will allow you to boil water and cook your food to perfection. Don't hesitate to check out How to cook while camping? If you want to discover tips for making delicious homemade meals.

Prepare your equipment to purify water safely

How to maintain your purification tools

Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the effectiveness of your purification tools. Clean filters frequently to prevent clogs caused by debris buildup. Depending on the filter type, this may require a simple rinse or a more thorough cleaning.

Also consider replacing worn cartridges or elements, as their filtration capacity diminishes over time. This will increase the lifespan of your equipment and ensure proper water purification.

Emergency solutions in case of breakdown or forgetfulness

If you find yourself without water purification equipment, there is a simple backup solution to make your water safe to drink. Take a clean cloth (such as a bandana, a piece of clothing, or a towel) and use it to pre-filter the water. This helps remove solid particles, sediment, and some debris that can hinder purification.

This backup solution is simple to set up, but does not replace a more complete purification system, especially for long expeditions.